Africa has long been a land of wonder, rich in natural beauty, diverse cultures, and breathtaking landscapes. However, despite modernization and progress in many regions, some parts of the continent continue to struggle with security concerns, making them unsafe for residents and travelers alike. Based on travel advisories from the U.S. State Department, here is a list of some of the most dangerous countries in Africa, ranked by severity of risk.
Central African Republic (CAR)
Risks: Crime, Civil Unrest, Kidnapping, Hostage-Taking
Violent crimes, including armed robbery, battery, and homicide, are common in the Central African Republic. Many parts of the country are controlled by armed groups known for kidnapping, attacking, and even killing civilians. Demonstrations, even peaceful ones, have the potential to escalate into violence.
Travelers should be particularly cautious in the central regions, where crime rates are highest. The U.S. government has warned that in case of an emergency, transportation routes and borders could be closed without warning, making evacuation difficult. Well-traveled explorer Lee Abbamonte visited CAR in 2016 and concluded that venturing outside the capital, Bangui, was “not worth the risk.”
Libya
Risks: Crime, Terrorism, Civil Unrest, Kidnapping, Armed Conflict
Libya remains highly dangerous due to rampant crime, frequent kidnappings, and ongoing armed conflicts. Westerners, particularly U.S. citizens, are prime targets for kidnapping and ransom schemes. The presence of terrorist groups, including ISIS, poses additional threats, as attacks frequently target public spaces like hotels, malls, and transportation hubs.
The general civil unrest and sporadic armed conflicts in cities like Tripoli and Surman make traveling in Libya extremely hazardous. Many airports are either closed or subject to sudden cancellations, further complicating evacuation efforts. Despite its historical significance and stunning landscapes, tourism in Libya has come to a near standstill due to these persistent security threats.
Mali
Risks: Crime, Terrorism, Kidnapping
Mali is plagued by violent crimes, including armed robbery and frequent kidnappings, especially in the northern and central regions. Political instability remains a major concern, as a 2015 peace agreement has failed to curb violence from militia groups.
Terrorist organizations have repeatedly targeted high-profile locations such as hotels, restaurants, and Western diplomatic offices. Notable incidents include the 2017 attack at a tourist resort near Bamako that killed five people and the 2015 hostage crisis at the Radisson Blu Hotel, where 170 people were held captive and over 25 were killed.
Additionally, the FAA has issued warnings for civil aviation in Mali due to the potential risk of aircraft being targeted.
Somalia
Risks: Crime, Terrorism, Kidnapping, Piracy
Somalia has long been associated with piracy, particularly in the waters off the Horn of Africa. On land, the security situation is equally dire, with high risks of kidnapping and violent crime. Illegal roadblocks are common, and travelers should expect restricted movement.
Terrorist attacks, including bombings and shootings, frequently occur in public areas such as airports, government buildings, hotels, and restaurants. The militant group Al-Shabab, known for large-scale attacks, continues to pose a serious threat.
Adding to the instability, reports indicate that some so-called “cultural rehabilitation” centers are detaining people against their will. Border areas between Somalia and Kenya have also seen violent clashes. Even air travel is risky, with the FAA issuing warnings regarding potential threats to civil aviation.
Sudan
Risks: Crime, Terrorism, Civil Unrest, Kidnapping, Armed Conflict
Following political upheaval, Sudan remains in a state of emergency, allowing security forces to detain individuals at will. Protests, roadblocks, and curfews can be imposed suddenly, increasing risks for travelers.
Ongoing conflicts between government forces and opposition groups continue in areas like Central Darfur, Blue Nile, and South Kordofan. Foreign journalists and aid workers face extreme risks, including harassment, kidnapping, and even execution.
Terrorist organizations are active in Sudan, frequently targeting Westerners through bombings and shootings. In 2017, a journalist shared his harrowing experience of being kidnapped, tortured, and imprisoned while reporting in Darfur.
South Sudan
Risks: Crime, Kidnapping, Armed Conflict
South Sudan is one of the most dangerous places for travelers due to rampant violent crime, including carjackings, robberies, and kidnappings. Sexual violence against foreigners has also been reported.
Ethnic and political conflicts continue to fuel instability across the country. Journalists and humanitarian workers are particularly at risk, with reports of harassment, kidnappings, and targeted killings.
The limited U.S. diplomatic presence in Juba means that American citizens in distress have little recourse. With aid workers frequently targeted, even humanitarian efforts in South Sudan remain incredibly perilous.
Final Thoughts
While Africa offers incredible opportunities for exploration, certain regions remain too dangerous for safe travel. Countries like the Central African Republic, Libya, Mali, Somalia, Sudan, and South Sudan continue to face extreme security challenges due to crime, terrorism, and political instability. Travelers are strongly advised to heed government warnings and avoid these high-risk areas.
If you are considering visiting Africa, always check the latest travel advisories and opt for destinations with stable governance and a strong tourism infrastructure. Safety should always be a top priority!
